Law Review and Bar Journal References:

Discussion of relevant evidence, Spencer A. Gard, 14 K.L.R. 263, 266 (1965).

"Evidence of Other Crimes in Kansas," Chad M. Renn, 17 W.L.J. 98, 117 (1977).

"Hearsay Explaining Police Actions: The Proper Objection," Russell M. Coombs, 46 J.B.A.K. 157, 159 (1977).

"Evidence of Similar Incidents and Settlements on Proof of Defect in Products Liability Cases," Jerry R. Palmer, 3 J.K.T.L.A. No. 6, 14, 15 (1980).

"Constitutional Law: Burden of Proof—Clear and Convincing Evidence Required to Terminate Parental Rights," Josephine Fiore, 22 W.L.J. 140, 143 (1982).

"The New Kansas Drunk Driving Law: A Closer Look," Matthew D. Keenan, 31 K.L.R. 409, 413 (1983).

"Evidence: Settlement Offers Not Relevant For Mitigating Punitive Damages," James B. Albertson, 23 W.L.J. 452, 457 (1984).

"A Fresh Look at Hypothetical Questions and Ultimate Issues: The Kansas Experience," Stanley D. Davis, 36 K.L.R. 311, 320, 328 (1989).

"Will Contests in Kansas," Dennis M. Feeney & Jeffery L. Carmichael, 64 J.K.B.A. No. 7, 22, 23 (1995).

"The Marital Discord Exemption to Hearsay: Fact or Judicially Legislated Fiction?" Christine Arguello, 46 K.L.R. 63 (1997).

"Other Misconduct Evidence," Christopher M. Joseph, 49 K.L.R. 145 (2000).

"Motions in Limine: Where Evidence Stands on the Threshold," Derek S. Casey, J.K.T.L.A. Vol. 29, No. 4, 4 (2006).

"Keeping Out the No Damage Pictures in a Minimal Impact Collision Case," Ryan E. Hodge, J.K.T.L.A. Vol. 30, No. 5, 10 (2007).

"Discovery Tools: Requests For Production of Documents (Part 3)," James R. Howell, 34 J.K.A.J. No. 4, 6 (2011).

Attorney General's Opinions:

Professional license or registration disciplinary proceedings; definitions; burden of proof. 95-54.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Procedure in action to determine reasonableness of zoning (12-712) governed by code. Bodine v. City of Overland Park, 198 K. 371, 386, 424 P.2d 513.

2. Evidence not excluded because it is self-serving. Thompson v. Norman, 198 K. 436, 441, 424 P.2d 593.

3. Relevancy of testimony considered. Bingham v. Hillcrest Bowl, Inc., 199 K. 40, 47, 427 P.2d 591.

4. Witness may testify as to purchase price of neighboring tracts of land in condemnation proceeding. City of Wichita v. Jennings, 199 K. 621, 625, 433 P.2d 351.

5. Evidence held to be "relevant evidence" as herein defined. State v. Gauger, 200 K. 563, 565, 438 P.2d 463.

6. Subsections (a) and (b) cited in discussing relevancy of certain evidence relating to issues of possession, payment of rents and notice to vacate. Guy Pine, Inc. v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 201 K. 371, 374, 440 P.2d 595.

7. Subsection (a) applied; impeachment of witness by use of prior inconsistent statement. State v. Jones, 202 K. 31, 48, 446 P.2d 851.

8. Erroneous exclusions of photographs not prejudicial when facts otherwise shown. Shepard v. Dick, 203 K. 164, 169, 453 P.2d 134.

9. In case concerning operation of an emergency vehicle, evidence properly admitted hereunder. Scogin v. Nugen, 204 K. 568, 571, 464 P.2d 166.

10. Relevant evidence tending to prove material fact is admissible unless expressly excluded from evidence by codified rules. Williams v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 204 K. 772, 780, 465 P.2d 975.

11. An expert witness, on direct examination, may testify as to the purchase price of specific tracts of neighboring land in a condemnation proceeding. Morgan v. City of Overland Park, 207 K. 188, 190, 483 P.2d 1079.

12. Expert witness, on direct examination, may testify as to purchase price of neighboring land in condemnation suits. State Highway Commission v. Lee, 207 K. 284, 290, 485 P.2d 310.

13. Testimony corroborating testimony of state's principal witness held relevant. State v. Roth, 207 K. 691, 696, 697, 486 P.2d 1385.

14. Cited in appeal on question reserved; functions of court and jury discussed in disapproving patterned jury instruction. State v. McClanahan, 212 K. 208, 211, 510 P.2d 153.

15. Canister of mace and flare gun found on defendant properly admitted as relevant to show intent. State v. Fagan, 213 K. 587, 518 P.2d 552.

16. No abuse of discretion in admitting evidence to form basis for reasonable inference of guilt. State v. Brown, 217 K. 595, 599, 538 P.2d 631.

17. Subsection (b) applied; no error in admission of evidence the result of an arrest for different crime. State v. Steward, 219 K. 256, 267, 547 P.2d 773.

18. Applied; trial court did not abuse discretion in excluding evidence; action on insurance policies proving coverage for uninsured motorists. Van Hoozer v. Farmers Insurance Exchange, 219 K. 595, 613, 549 P.2d 1354.

19. Evidence in criminal prosecution held sufficiently relevant to sustain conviction. State v. Baker, 219 K. 854, 858, 549 P.2d 911.

20. Mentioned; admission of journal entry of prior conviction without requiring evidence upheld. State v. Faulkner, 220 K. 153, 155, 551 P.2d 1247.

21. Admission of testimony in murder prosecution upheld; relevant. State v. Henson, 221 K. 635, 648, 562 P.2d 51.

22. Applied; court did not abuse discretion in refusing to admit exhibits offered. State v. Alderdice, 221 K. 684, 689, 561 P.2d 845.

23. Testimony of witness considered and held relevant; admissible. State v. Rueckert, 221 K. 727, 728, 738, 561 P.2d 850.

24. Name on certificate of title; real party in interest. Hartley v. Fisher, 1 K.A.2d 362, 363, 566 P.2d 18.

25. Applied in upholding judgment for damages against city action of mob. Jenkins v. City of Bonner Springs, 1 K.A.2d 727, 728, 573 P.2d 1110.

26. Evidence relevant; admissible. Farmers Ins. Exchange v. Schropp, 222 K. 612, 624, 567 P.2d 1359.

27. Applied; refusal to admit evidence of independent crime not error; relevancy. State v. Nemechek, 223 K. 766, 769, 576 P.2d 682.

28. Mentioned; admission of opinion testimony of police officer investigating automobile accident held error. Lollis v. Superior Sales Co., 224 K. 251, 260, 580 P.2d 423.

29. Cited in construing the scope of discovery and relevancy in deposition proceedings under 25-4124. Governmental Ethics Commission v. Cahill, 225 K. 772, 778, 594 P.2d 1103.

30. Applied in holding the state in offering proof in conspiracy trial not limited to overt acts alleged in information. State v. Taylor, 2 K.A.2d 532, 534, 583 P.2d 1033.

31. Evidence relating to certain pubic hair deemed relevant evidence; convictions of rape and aggravated kidnapping affirmed. State v. Reed, 226 K. 519, 524, 601 P.2d 1125.

32. Subsection (m) cited; magazines are writings; testimony on magazine contents not violative of best evidence rule. State v. Lovelace, 227 K. 348, 352, 607 P.2d 49.

33. Mentioned; party must overcome presumption of execution of mortgages by clear and convincing evidence; judgment affirmed. McMurray v. Crawford, 3 K.A.2d 329, 332, 594 P.2d 1109.

34. Taped conversations edited by redaction process not so confusing as to be irrelevant. State v. Wolf, 7 K.A.2d 398, 402, 643 P.2d 1101 (1982).

35. Cited; monetary threshold under 40-3117; reasonableness and necessity of medical bills are jury questions. Cansler v. Harrington, 231 K. 66, 69, 643 P.2d 110 (1982).

36. Evidence that blood test failed to exclude alleged father as possible father not admissible in paternity action. State ex rel. Hausner v. Blackman, 7 K.A.2d 693, 698, 648 P.2d 249 (1982).

37. Nontestimonial statement in physician's office records not improperly excluded where made five years before automobile accident. Doty v. Wells, 9 K.A.2d 378, 379, 380, 682 P.2d 672 (1984).

38. Rules apply in preliminary examinations under 22-2902 except to extent relaxed by other court rules or statutes. State v. Cremer, 234 K. 594, 597, 600, 676 P.2d 59 (1984).

39. KCC chairman may relax rules of evidence when public interest served and facts more easily ascertained. In re Application of Southwestern Bell Tel. Co., 9 K.A.2d 525, 526, 539, 685 P.2d 304 (1984).

40. Rules not applicable to workers' compensation proceedings, where admissibility is more liberal. Box v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 236 K. 237, 243, 689 P.2d 871 (1984).

41. Cited; provisions of 60-460(dd) (statements by children) inapplicable to proceedings under juvenile offender code (38-1601 et seq). In re Mary P., 237 K. 456, 457, 701 P.2d 681 (1985).

42. Introduction of clothing worn during alleged rape upheld as relevant; stains go to weight of evidence. State v. Galloway, 238 K. 415, 419, 710 P.2d 1320 (1985).

43. Where character of victim not an issue such evidence irrelevant. State v. McKibben, 239 K. 574, 584, 722 P.2d 518 (1986).

44. Where evidence does not bear directly upon issues, some natural or logical connection with inference or result must exist. State v. Walker, 239 K. 635, 644, 722 P.2d 556 (1986).

45. Cited; allowing testimony about conversation had with defendant five and one-half months prior to murders examined. State v. Ruebke, 240 K. 493, 515, 731 P.2d 842 (1987).

46. Cited; exclusion of inconsistent statement in newspaper article as hearsay examined. State v. Hunter, 241 K. 629, 637, 740 P.2d 559 (1987).

47. Cited; admissibility allowed where evidence relevant to both liability and damages and liability admitted. Smelko v. Brinton, 241 K. 763, 767, 768, 740 P.2d 591 (1987).

48. Cited; plaintiff's burden in product liability case where needle believed to be in loaf of bread examined. Hazelton v. Safeway Stores, Inc., 12 K.A.2d 377, 384, 745 P.2d 309 (1987).

49. Expert witness testimony regarding psychology and treatability of sexual offenders irrelevant to whether defendant committed offense. State v. Clements, 244 K. 411, 415, 421, 770 P.2d 447 (1989).

50. Attempted rape victim's propensity to form social acquaintances with men on spontaneous basis as habit v. character trait examined. State v. Gonzales, 245 K. 691, 701, 783 P.2d 1239 (1989).

51. Exclusion of evidence on grounds of remoteness that substantially impairs state's case examined. State v. Griffin, 246 K. 320, 324, 787 P.2d 701 (1990).

52. Discretion in permitting prosecutor to inquire why complaining witnesses in prior crimes did not pursue retrials examined. State v. Searles, 246 K. 567, 582, 793 P.2d 724 (1990).

53. Admission over objection of sentences imposed in prior felony convictions in unlawful possession (21-4204) trial held abuse of discretion; reversal not justified. State v. Wagner, 248 K. 240, 243, 807 P.2d 139 (1991).

54. Limitation on cross-examination of prison officer regarding separate self-defense killing in murder trial of inmate/defendants examined. State v. Wiggins, 248 K. 526, 530, 808 P.2d 1383 (1991).

55. Right of accused to call witnesses on own behalf, court's power to exclude irrelevant evidence noted; relevance examined. State v. Pichon, 15 K.A.2d 527, 532, 811 P.2d 517 (1991).

56. Probative value of evidence versus unfair and harmful surprise to defendant examined. State v. Ji, 251 K. 3, 15, 832 P.2d 1176 (1992).

57. Admission of gang membership evidence in trial of juvenile as adult (38-1636) examined. State v. Hooks, 251 K. 755, 765, 840 P.2d 483 (1992).

58. Evidence sufficient to support claim of mitigating circumstances (21-4626) in sentencing statute examined. State v. Walker, 252 K. 279, 304, 845 P.2d 1 (1993).

59. No abuse of discretion in allowance of evidence of gang membership to establish motivation for crime. State v. Tran, 252 K. 494, 505, 847 P.2d 680 (1993).

60. No abuse of discretion by trial court in refusal to admit evidence of defendant's behavior subsequent to commission of alleged crimes. State v. Harkness, 252 K. 510, 528, 847 P.2d 1191 (1993).

61. Reversal of conviction not required in all cases of erroneous admission of evidence. State v. Thomas, 252 K. 564, 579, 847 P.2d 1219 (1993).

62. Admissibility in criminal trial of gruesome photographs examined. State v. Steadman, 253 K. 297, 305, 855 P.2d 919 (1993).

63. Relevance of evidence of defendant's gang membership to establish motive for murder examined. State v. Toney, 253 K. 651, 654, 862 P.2d 350 (1993).

64. Discretion in excluding testimony by plaintiff's witness regarding respondent's expert witness credibility examined. City of Olathe v. Stotts, 253 K. 687, 700, 861 P.2d 1287 (1993).

65. Whether excluding evidence regarding credibility of prosecution witness violated defendant's right to a fair trial examined. State v. Mays, 254 K. 479, 486, 866 P.2d 1037 (1994).

66. Whether defendant was denied right to present defense when judge disallowed evidence that defendant was represented on unrelated charges examined. State v. Morris, 255 K. 964, 983, 880 P.2d 1244 (1994).

67. Whether admission of sexual bondage accessories prejudiced jury against defendant and were irrelevant examined. State v. Sexton, 256 K. 344, 352, 886 P.2d 811 (1994).

68. Whether court abused discretion by suppressing evidence of prior sexual experience of child victim examined. State v. Lavery, 19 K.A.2d 673, 683, 877 P.2d 443 (1994).

69. Whether admission of financial record exhibits was improper because inadequate foundation laid examined. Kampschroeder v. Kampschroeder, 20 K.A.2d 361, 367, 887 P.2d 1152 (1995).

70. Trial court did not abuse discretion by admitting defendant's federal fraud conviction as relevant in marital homicide prosecution. State v. Haddock, 257 K. 964, 981, 897 P.2d 152 (1995).

71. Rules of evidence are not applicable in workers compensation proceedings. Armstrong v. City of Wichita, 21 K.A.2d 750, 758, 907 P.2d 923 (1995).

72. Trial court admission of testimony that witness had AIDS did not constitute reversible error. State v. Collier, 259 K. 346, 353, 913 P.2d 597 (1996).

73. Evidence of defendant's past participation in sexual act performed on rape victim admissible as evidence of identity. State v. Gaines, 260 K. 752, 767, 926 P.2d 641 (1996).

74. Relevant information inadmissible under more specific provisions of 60-422. Shirley v. Smith, 261 K. 685, 699, 933 P.2d 651 (1997).

75. Evidence seized during search properly admitted to prove murder, kidnapping and assault charges. State v. Lee, 263 K. 97, 103, 948 P.2d 641 (1997).

76. Trial court did not err in admitting allegedly prejudicial photograph as evidence of sexual relationship between defendant and victim. State v. Price, 24 K.A.2d 580, 585, 948 P.2d 1145 (1997).

77. Trial court did not abuse discretion by admitting defendant's bloodstained clothing in murder trial. State v. Gardner, 264 K. 95, 104, 955 P.2d 1199 (1998).

78. Exclusion of evidence of defendant's conviction in previous trial for crimes related to charged crime upheld. State v. Mims, 264 K. 506, 512, 956 P.2d 1337 (1998).

79. Admission of irrelevant evidence concerning murder victim intended to inflame jury constituted reversible error. State v. Donesay, 265 K. 60, 84, 959 P.2d 862 (1998).

80. Presumption that respondent should be tried as an adult rebutted by substantial evidence. In re J.D.J., 266 K. 211, 217, 967 P.2d 751 (1998).

81. Trial court erred by admitting evidence not relevant to crimes defendant charged with. State v. Morfitt, 25 K.A.2d 8, 17, 956 P.2d 719 (1998).

82. Relevant evidence is evidence having any tendency, in reason, to prove any relevant fact. State v. Lumley, 266 K. 939, 950, 976 P.2d 486 (1999).

83. First degree murder conviction reversed because testimony of victim's mother and prosecutor's comments as to her grief were not material to case. State v. Henry, 273 K. 608, 44 P.3d 466 (2002).

84. No error in admitting tape recording of victim's dying gasps in trial for first-degree murder. State v. Abu-Fakher, 274 K. 584, 56 P.3d 166 (2002).

85. Cited, defines relevant evidence. State v. Baker, 281 K. 997, 1008, 135 P.3d 1098 (2006).

86. Evidence of gang-related affiliation is admissible to show motive for otherwise inexplicable act or witness bias. State v. Winston, 281 K. 1114, 1135, 135 P.3d 1072 (2006).

87. In child abuse case, evidence of defendant's other children's behavior did not prove or disprove any material fact and was not relevant. State v. Sanchez, 282 K. 307, 314, 144 P.3d 718 (2006).

88. Evidence concerning small dissimilar tract of land not relevant to issue at trial, evidence excluded. Mooney v. City of Overland Park, 283 K. 617, 621, 153 P.3d 1252 (2007).

89. Evidence not relevant to material facts. State v. Gaither, 283 K. 671, 689, 156 P.3d 602 (2007).

90. Evidence having tendency in reason to prove any material fact is relevant. In re J.D.C., 284 K. 155, 162, 159 P.3d 974 (2007).

91. Relevancy discussed; court has discretion to exclude relevant evidence outweighed by prejudicial effect. State v. Scott-Herring, 284 K. 172, 176, 159 P.3d 1028 (2007).

92. Cited; evidence of pornographic collection and prior relationship with defendant held relevant. State v. Miller, 284 K. 682, 690, 705, 163 P.3d 267 (2007).

93. Evidence of prior crimes permitted to show intent and identity in subsequent prosecution. State v. Garcia, 285 K. 1, 169 P.3d 1069 (2007).

94. Evidence of gang activity may be material and relevant when evidence provides a motive. State v. Brown, 285 K. 261, 297, 173 P.3d 612 (2007).

95. No reversible error in admitting evidence of firing for stealing and no limiting instruction. State v. Reid, 286 K. 494, 504, 507, 509, 186 P.3d 713 (2008).

96. Cited; alleged error in admitting evidence of drug use and addiction; no limiting instruction was error. State v. Carapezza, 286 K. 992, 997, 191 P.3d 256 (2008).

97. Cited; evidence of defendant's drug use found probative of motive; lack of limiting instruction erroneous but harmless. State v. Hughes, 286 K. 1010, 1020, 191 P.3d 268 (2008).

98. Cited; no error in denying evidence on murder victim's past acts of violence. State v. Henson, 287 K. 574, 578, 197 P.3d 456 (2008).

99. Confrontation clause held violated by district court's limitation on cross-examination. State v. Jackson, 39 K.A.2d 89, 94, 177 P.3d 419 (2008).

100. Evidence found to be too remote and no connection between evidence and alleged criminal act. State v. Huntley, 39 K.A.2d 180, 191, 177 P.3d 994 (2008).

101. No error in admitting criminal history evidence in commitment proceeding under the Kansas sexually violent predator act. In re Care and Treatment of Colt, 39 K.A.2d 643, 648, 183 P.3d 4 (2008).

102. Cited; no error in admitting evidence of sex crimes in sentencing proceeding; evidence relevant to fiduciary relationship. State v. Horn, 40 K.A.2d 687, 699, 196 P.3d 379 (2008).

103. Cited; evidence of others not completing a DUI test held not relevant. State v. Garcia, 40 K.A.2d 870, 876, 196 P.3d 943 (2008).

104. Cited; error in admitting evidence of prior bad acts to prove intent, absence of mistake or accident and plan. State v. Prine, 287 K. 713, 725, 200 P.3d 1 (2009).

105. Cited; field sobriety tests, certain national highway safety administration standards not admissible, not scientifically reliable. State v. Shadden, 40 K.A.2d 1103, 1106, 199 P.3d 167 (2009).

106. No error in admission of evidence of prior bad acts or photos of victim. State v. Riojas, 288 K. 379, 204 P.3d 578 (2009).

107. Under facts, nonsexual prior crimes and civil wrongs were relevant. In re Care & Treatment of Miller, 289 K. 218, 210 P.3d 625 (2009).

108. Admission of prior crimes not involving a sexual component are relevant in sexually violent predator commitment proceedings. In re Care & Treatment of Colt, 289 K. 234, 211 P.3d 797 (2009).

109. Relevant evidence principles discussed and applied. State v. Houston, 289 K. 252, 213 P.3d 728 (2009).

110. Challenge to the admission of certain evidence not upheld; evidence not unduly prejudicial. State v. Ransom, 289 K. 373, 212 P.3d 203 (2009).

111. Appellate court upholds admission of evidence regarding defendant's prior drug dealing to show motive and knowledge. State v. Richmond, 289 K. 419, 212 P.3d 165 (2009).

112. Evidence is relevant if it has any tendency in reason to prove any material fact. Frick Farm Properties v. Kansas Dept. of Agriculture, 289 K. 690, 216 P.3d 170 (2009).

113. Relating to other crime evidence, construed and applied. State v. Blaurock, 41 K.A.2d 178, 201 P.3d 728 (2009).

114. Refusal to admit medical records upheld. State v. Gaona, 41 K.A.2d 1064, 208 P.3d 308 (2009).

115. Relevant evidence is evidence having the tendency in reason to prove any material fact. Foster v. Klaumann, 42 K.A.2d 634, 216 P.3d 671 (2009).

116. Exclusion of evidence on victim's family viewing inappropriate websites not error. State v. Garza, 290 K. 1021, 236 P.3d 501 (2010).

117. Multi-step evidentiary analysis is required for appellate review of motion in limine. State v. Shadden, 290 K. 803, 235 P.3d 436 (2010).

118. Admission of a video and a slow motion version of the video did not violate the best evidence rule. State v. Dale, 293 K. 660, 267 P.3d 743 (2011).

119. A court first determines whether evidence is relevant as defined in K.S.A. 60-401(b) when ruling on a motion in limine. State v. Bridges, 297 K. 989, 306 P.3d 244 (2013).

120. A court determines whether evidence is relevant as defined in K.S.A. 60-401(b) when ruling on a motion in limine. State v. Friday, 297 K. 1023, 306 P.3d 265 (2013).

121. Audio recordings of jail phone calls qualify as writings under K.S.A. 60-401, and admission of such recordings is governed by K.S.A. 60-464. State v. Jenkins, 311 K. 39, 50, 455 P.3d 779 (2020).