Cross References to Related Sections:

Execution of instrument creating trust, see 58-2210.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Parol agreement which attempts to create interest in lands void. Bell v. Coffin, 2 Kan. App. 337, 43 P. 861.

2. Land entered on borrowed warrant; valuable improvement made; implied trust. Lyons v. Bodenhamer, 7 Kan. 455, 474.

3. Conveyance by party holding legal title; trustee for equitable owner. Gray v. Ulrich, 8 Kan. 112, 123.

4. Estate resulting from parol agreement by operation of law valid. Moore v. Wade, 8 Kan. 380, 387.

5. Creation of trust by execution and record of plat. Comm'rs of Franklin Co. v. Lathrop, 9 Kan. 453.

6. No express trust in land created except in writing. Knaggs v. Mastin, 9 Kan. 532, 547.

7. Deed regular on face; grantee ignorant of irregularity; no trust. Knaggs v. Mastin, 9 Kan. 532.

8. Conveyance to church society; court may compel execution of trust. Feizel v. Trustees of German M. E. Society, 9 Kan. 592.

9. Estate resulting from or created by law not void. Franklin v. Colley, 10 Kan. 260, 263, 264.

10. Trust in favor of party paying purchase money or part thereof. Franklin v. Colley, 10 Kan. 260, 264, 265.

11. Contract in violation of law; held no trust estate resulted. Brake v. Ballou, 19 Kan. 397.

12. Deed of trust construed as a trust for benefit of creditors. Jamison, Trustee, v. Bancroft, 20 Kan. 169.

13. Title taken to secure loan; trust in favor of borrower. Weekly v. Ellis, 30 Kan. 507, 2 P. 96.

14. Express trust can be created only by instrument in writing. Ingham v. Burnell, 31 Kan. 333, 2 P. 804; Gee v. Thrailkill, 45 Kan. 173, 25 P. 588.

15. Oral agreement with agent to purchase land; resulting trust. Rose v. Hayden, 35 Kan. 106, 10 P. 554.

16. Terms and conditions may be embraced in several papers. Tenney v. Simpson, 37 Kan. 579, 588, 15 P. 512.

17. Trust in favor of church organization paying purchase price. Fink v. Umscheid, 40 Kan. 271, 19 P. 623.

18. Parol trust void; deed of conveyance held absolute and valid. Gee v. Thrailkill, 45 Kan. 173, 25 P. 588.

19. Resulting trust expressly excepted from statute; existence and enforceability. Rayl v. Rayl, 58 Kan. 585, 588, 50 P. 501.

20. Constructive trust where deed procured by fraud. Kahn v. Klaus, 64 Kan. 24, 67 P. 542.

21. Trust arising from operation of law; inferred from circumstances. Lyons v. Berlau, 67 Kan. 426, 432, 73 P. 52.

22. Deed conveying property; parol trust cannot be enforced against grantee. Rogers v. Richmond, 67 Kan. 706, 74 P. 255.

23. Express trust not in writing; stranger to agreement cannot attack. Mallory v. Thomas, 71 Kan. 562, 81 P. 194.

24. Section does not prohibit resulting trust for person paying purchase price. Reemsnyder v. Reemsnyder, 75 Kan. 565, 567, 568, 89 P. 1014.

25. Parol evidence, etc., sufficient to establish trust by implication. Piper v. Piper, 78 Kan. 82, 84, 95 P. 1051.

26. Conveyance for cancellation of debt; resulting trust may be created. Garten v. Trobridge, 80 Kan. 720, 104 P. 1067.

27. Trust arising by implication of law excepted from rule. Lehrling v. Lehrling, 84 Kan. 766, 770, 115 P. 556.

28. Trust implies holding of legal title for benefit of another. Blackwell v. Blackwell, 88 Kan. 495, 497, 498, 129 P. 173.

29. Absolute conveyance cannot be defeated by verbal promise to reconvey. Blackwell v. Blackwell, 88 Kan. 495, 497, 498, 129 P. 173.

30. Oral agreement to devise property upheld; not within section. Nelson v. Schoonover, 89 Kan. 388, 390, 131 P. 147.

31. Parol agreement concerning lands; neither express nor implied trust created. Grantham v. Conner, 97 Kan. 150, 152, 154 P. 246.

32. Statute no bar to oral agreement to make a will. Meador v. Manlove, 97 Kan. 706, 712, 156 P. 731.

33. Verbal promise to reconvey land. Part performance; fraud; trust. Goff v. Goff, 98 Kan. 201, 204, 158 P. 26.

34. Parol evidence admissible to show that deed is a mortgage. Hegwood v. Leeper, 100 Kan. 379, 381, 164 P. 173.

35. Oil lease, held by one for all; oral agreement valid. Goss v. Rothrock, 102 Kan. 272, 274, 169 P. 1161.

36. Oral promise to leave property to heir not void. Stahl v. Stevenson, 102 Kan. 844, 847, 171 P. 1164.

37. Payment of purchase price does not validate parol contract. Engelbrecht v. Herrington, 103 Kan. 21, 24, 172 P. 715.

38. Express trust in land created only by a writing. Engelbrecht v. Herrington, 103 Kan. 21, 23, 172 P. 715.

39. The parol agreement was insufficient to create a trust. Silvers v. Howard, 106 Kan. 762, 768, 190 P. 1.

40. Oral agreement between tenants in common; permanent improvements; specific performance. Kuhn v. Kuhn, 107 Kan. 391, 393, 191 P. 487.

41. Oral agreement and conveyance by mother; fiduciary relation existed. Small v. Small, 107 Kan. 122, 125, 190 P. 623.

42. Oral trust concerning land held void. Miller v. Kyle, 107 Kan. 388, 391, 191 P. 492.

43. Section is not a bar to trust arising by implication of law. Rice v. Rice, 109 Kan. 432, 437, 199 P. 461. Modified: Rice v. Rice, 110 Kan. 3, 202 P. 862.

44. Refusal of grantee to carry out spoken promise does not create trust by implication. Bolin v. Krengel, 116 Kan. 459, 227 P. 266.

45. Parol agreement to convey does not create trust by implication. Spaulding v. Dague, 120 Kan. 510, 514, 243 P. 1045.

46. Creditor cannot object if maker desires to carry out oral trust. Hurt v. Drew, 122 Kan. 357, 252 P. 249.

47. Oral agreement to hold land in trust held void. Quinton v. Kendall, 122 Kan. 814, 821, 253 P. 600.

48. Confidential relation may create trust by implication. Shields v. Johnson, 124 Kan. 155, 158, 257 P. 926; Taylor v. Walker, 114 Kan. 614, 220 P. 518.

49. Land purchased with father's money with promise to convey to son. Roberts v. Roberts, 130 Kan. 85, 90, 285 P. 584.

50. No constructive trust where deeds voluntarily signed and recorded, and no fraud shown. Mullen v. Hume, 130 Kan. 240, 242, 285 P. 626.

51. Express trust concerning land, not in writing, fails. Vaughn v. Cass, 131 Kan. 837, 839, 293 P. 487.

52. Cited in holding part performance removes bar of statute of frauds, when. Craig v. Sanders, 133 Kan. 97, 99, 298 P. 792.

53. Parol agreement creating trust in lands held invalid. Young v. Jackson, 140 Kan. 237, 242, 36 P.2d 91.

54. Resulting trust arising by implication of law excepted from rule. Gray v. Gray, 140 Kan. 551, 553, 38 P.2d 141.

55. Although agreement void under statute parties may carry out agreement. Stump v. Smarsh, 153 Kan. 804, 810, 113 P.2d 1058.

56. Section applies only to creation of express trusts; (dissenting opinion). Yeager v. Yeager, 155 Kan. 734, 738, 750, 129 P.2d 242.

57. Oral agreement creating trust not prohibited if trust arises by implication. Staab v. Staab, 158 Kan. 77, 79, 80, 145 P.2d 452.

58. Trust denied father furnishing consideration in absence of agreement. Gantz v. Bondurant, 159 Kan. 389, 392, 155 P.2d 450.

59. Trust, sufficiency of evidence to establish; conflicting inferences. In re Estate of Gereke, 165 Kan. 249, 250, 262, 263, 264, 195 P.2d 323.

60. Joint purchase of property; fraud of one in taking title; oral agreement upheld. Kotzman v. Papish, 169 Kan. 431, 436, 219 P.2d 425.

61. Statute available only to parties to contract and their privies; not to third parties. Powell v. Powell, 172 Kan. 267, 270, 239 P.2d 974.

62. Evidence insufficient to give rise to trust by implication of law. In re Estate of Meyers, 183 Kan. 664, 666, 331 P.2d 287.

63. Agreement that title taken by husband and wife proved by parol. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Molter, 60 F.2d 498.

64. Statute of trusts no bar to enforcement of oral contract relating to land which one party fully performed. King v. Robbins, 193 Kan. 70, 73, 76, 392 P.2d 154.

65. Trust by implication could not be applied to bankrupt corporation's real estate used as collateral, absent fraud. In re Harter, Inc., 31 B.R. 1015, 1016, 1019 (1983).

66. Where debtors failed to honor terms of alleged trust, creditor could challenge validity under statute of frauds. In re Butler, 38 B.R. 884, 885, 888 (1984).

67. Trust by implication may arise from oral agreement and evidence of fraud; equitable estoppel renders statute inapplicable. Potucek v. Potucek, 11 Kan. App. 2d 254, 258, 259, 719 P.2d 14 (1986).

68. Only a written recorded declaration of trust will impart notice that real property is held by a grantee in express trust for another. In re Kasparek, 426 B.R. 332 (2010).