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22-3603. Interlocutory appeals by the state. When a judge of the district court, prior to the commencement of trial of a criminal action, makes an order quashing a warrant or a search warrant, suppressing evidence or suppressing a confession or admission an appeal may be taken by the prosecution from such order if notice of appeal is filed within 14 days after entry of the order. Further proceedings in the trial court shall be stayed pending determination of the appeal.

History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-3603; L. 1971, ch. 118, § 1; L. 1975, ch. 178, § 23; L. 2010, ch. 135, § 27; July 1.

Source or Prior Law:

62-1703.

Law Review and Bar Journal References:

"Collateral Challenges to Criminal Convictions," Keith G. Meyer and Larry W. Yackle, 21 K.L.R. 259, 329 (1973).

"Survey of Kansas Law: Evidence," Spencer A. Gard, 27 K.L.R. 225, 226 (1979).

"Constitutional Law: Exigent Circumstances in Warrantless Home Arrests," Russell F. Kaufman, 19 W.L.J. 345, 348 (1980).

"Evidence—Distinguishing Between Radio-Telephone and Wire Communications: The Kansas Approach to Cordless Telephone Conversations," Terri L. Savely, 24 W.L.J. 175 (1984).

"Review Proceedings," K.L.R., Criminal Procedure Edition, 37 (1989).

"Kansas Appellate Advocacy: An Inside View of Common-Sense Strategy," Patrick Hughes, 66 J.K.B.A. No. 2, 26 (1997).

Criminal Procedure Edition, 47 K.L.R. 937 (1999).

"An ounce of Prevention...," Robert W. Parnacott, 68 J.K.B.A. No. 10, 36 (1999).

"Criminal Procedure Survey of Cases," 48 K.L.R. 895 (2000).

"Letting the End Justify the Means: The Continuing Dissolution of the Fourth Amendment's Requirement for Search Warrants," Sherri Schuck, 40 W.L.J. 350 (2001).

"Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases," 50 K.L.R. 901 (2002).

"Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases," 54 K.L.R. 895 (2006).

Criminal Procedure Survey, 55 K.L.R. 797 (2007).

Criminal Procedure Survey, 56 K.L.R. 828 (2008).

"Waiting for Judgment Day: Negotiating the Interlocutory Appeal in 8 Easy Lessons," Jonathan Paretsky, 78 J.K.B.A. No. 4, 30 (2009).

Attorney General's Opinions:

Criminal appeals from district court; duties of county attorney; supplemental payment. 94-63.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Cited; district court erred in ordering suppression of articles of personal property and of testimony concerning defendant's oral admissions. State v. Voit, 207 Kan. 635, 485 P.2d 1306.

2. Order suppressing evidence obtained by authorities acting on consent of one joint occupant held error. State v. Boyle, 207 Kan. 833, 486 P.2d 849.

3. Appeal hereunder of order suppressing gambling equipment obtained in warrantless search of private club sustained. State v. Dailey, 209 Kan. 707, 708, 498 P.2d 614.

4. Appeal hereunder from order suppressing evidence obtained through eavesdropping order obtained by assistant county attorney affirmed. In re Olander, 213 Kan. 282, 283, 515 P.2d 1211.

5. Appeal from order suppressing evidence; warrantless search incident to valid arrest; reasonable. State v. Tygart, 215 Kan. 409, 410, 524 P.2d 753.

6. Appeal hereunder from order sustaining motion to suppress under K.S.A. 22-3216; reversed. State v. Danko, 219 Kan. 490, 548 P.2d 819.

7. Appeal from order suppressing evidence; warrantless search by private citizen upheld. State v. Boswell, 219 Kan. 788, 789, 549 P.2d 919.

8. Order suppressing evidence on grounds of illegal seizure held proper. State v. Youngblood, 220 Kan. 782, 556 P.2d 195.

9. Appeal from order suppressing marihuana seized, seizure lawful; order reversed. State v. Hays, 221 Kan. 126, 127, 128, 557 P.2d 1275.

10. Interlocutory appeals available to state but not to defendant; upheld. State v. Burnett, 222 Kan. 162, 166, 167, 563 P.2d 451.

11. Trial court erred in sustaining motion to suppress; seizure of evidence without warrant lawful. State v. Jones, 2 Kan. App. 2d 38, 577 P.2d 357.

12. Case involving misdemeanor for violation of municipal ordinance eligible for interlocutory appeal hereunder. City of Overland Park v. Sandy, 2 Kan. App. 2d 176, 177, 576 P.2d 1097.

13. Cited; typewritten transcripts of law officer's original reports admissible when originals destroyed. State v. Eubanks, 2 Kan. App. 2d 262, 577 P.2d 1208.

14. Section applied; interlocutory appeal granted. State v. Dotson, 222 Kan. 487, 488, 565 P.2d 261.

15. Interlocutory appeal by state hereunder from order of court suppressing evidence may be taken prior to preliminary examination. State v. Platten, 225 Kan. 764, 765, 767, 594 P.2d 201.

16. Cited; implied consent given pursuant to K.S.A. 8-1001 applicable to unconscious or incapacitated driver; results of breath test admissible as evidence. State v. Garner, 227 Kan. 566, 608 P.2d 1321.

17. Evidence obtained by person acting as agent of police properly suppressed. State v. Bohannon, 3 Kan. App. 2d 448, 449, 450, 451, 596 P.2d 190.

18. Stop of defendant's car under K.S.A. 22-2402 held justified by reasonable suspicion. State v. Hayes, 3 Kan. App. 2d 517, 519, 597 P.2d 268.

19. Applied; when state makes interlocutory appeal, it is responsible for furnishing the record. State v. Morgan, 3 Kan. App. 2d 667, 669, 600 P.2d 155.

20. Cited in reversing order granting defendant's motion to suppress results of a blood test. State v. Mezins, 4 Kan. App. 2d 292, 605 P.2d 159.

21. Appeal hereunder by the state from order suppressing confessions of defendant as hearsay; rules for determining admissibility reviewed and applied. State v. Baker, 4 Kan. App. 2d 340, 606 P.2d 120.

22. Cited; residence of prosecution witness must be disclosed if necessary to insure accused right of confrontation and cross-examination. State v. Burgoon, 4 Kan. App. 2d 485, 486, 609 P.2d 194.

23. Evidence obtained by search warrant with not entirely true affidavit; affidavit found sufficient; constitutional rights not violated. State v. Towles & Brewer, 4 Kan. App. 2d 567, 609 P.2d 228.

24. Appeal from order allowing withdrawal of nolo contendere pleas not permissible. State v. Puckett, 227 Kan. 911, 912, 913, 610 P.2d 637.

25. Trial court order excluding "other crimes" evidence not an order suppressing evidence; appellate court has no jurisdiction to hear appeal by state. State v. Boling, 5 Kan. App. 2d 371, 373, 374, 375, 617 P.2d 102.

26. State not authorized to make interlocutory appeal; order granting new trial may not provide the basis for an interlocutory appeal as of right upon a question reserved. State v. Grimes, 229 Kan. 143, 145, 146, 148, 622 P.2d 143.

27. Statements made by deceased coparticipant to his wife are not admissible at trial of defendant. State v. Myers, 229 Kan. 168, 625 P.2d 1111.

28. State may not file interlocutory appeal after criminal trial begun; question reserved may be appealed only after judgment; defendant discharged because once in jeopardy. State v. Hermes, 229 Kan. 531, 532, 625 P.2d 1137.

29. Provisions of K.S.A. 8-1001 become operative only after a person is arrested or otherwise taken into custody. State v. Williams, 4 Kan. App. 2d 651, 610 P.2d 111 (1980).

30. State improperly appealed acquittal pursuant hereto; jurisdiction taken on question reserved; citation of proper statute not jurisdictional prerequisite. State v. Martin, 232 Kan. 778, 779, 658 P.2d 1024 (1983).

31. Court lacks jurisdiction to hear interlocutory appeal of denial of immunity from commission of perjury. State v. Martin, 233 Kan. 148, 149, 150, 660 P.2d 563 (1983).

32. Cited in holding defendant had no standing to challenge legality of search and seizure where no expectation of privacy existed. State v. Worrell, 233 Kan. 968, 971, 666 P.2d 703 (1983).

33. State cannot appeal dismissal of some counts of multiple count complaint, information or indictment while other counts still pending. State v. Freeman, 234 Kan. 278, 279, 670 P.2d 1365 (1983).

34. State has no right to appeal dismissal of part of complaint while remainder pending. State v. Bickford, 234 Kan. 507, 509, 511, 672 P.2d 607 (1983).

35. Appeal from order suppressing evidence in prosecution for DUI; conditions of automobile roadblock met constitutional muster under balancing test of public interest and individual rights. State v. Deskins, 234 Kan. 529, 673 P.2d 1174 (1983).

36. Intended to permit review of rulings which may be determinative of case by substantially impairing state's ability to prosecute case. State v. Newman, 235 Kan. 29, 35, 680 P.2d 257 (1984).

37. Pretrial orders which substantially impair state's ability to prosecute case may be appealed. State v. Galloway, 235 Kan. 70, 74, 80, 680 P.2d 268 (1984).

38. Where no appeal taken from order dismissing charges before preliminary examination, no jurisdiction lies for interlocutory appeal. State v. Patrzykont, 235 Kan. 537, 538, 680 P.2d 555 (1984).

39. Ruling suppressing evidence not substantially impairing state's prosecution not appealable; court will not review, piecemeal, all adverse rulings. State v. Jones, 236 Kan. 427, 428, 691 P.2d 35 (1984).

40. Question of suppression of blood alcohol test sufficient to confer jurisdiction. State v. Pitchford, 10 Kan. App. 2d 293, 294, 697 P.2d 896 (1985).

41. Trial court's refusal to set aside diversion agreement (K.S.A. 22-2911) not appealable order. State v. McDaniels, 237 Kan. 767, 771, 703 P.2d 789 (1985).

42. Order suppressing confession or admission appealable as matter of right; distinction from suppressing evidence noted. State v. Mooney, 10 Kan. App. 2d 477, 479, 702 P.2d 328 (1985).

43. Delay from authorized appeal should not count against state in determining defendant's constitutional right to speedy trial. State v. Galloway, 238 Kan. 100, 106, 708 P.2d 508 (1985).

44. Suppression of blood alcohol test results (K.S.A. 8-1001 et seq.) and statutory presumption of K.S.A. 8-1005(a) substantially impair state's case. State v. Hunninghake, 238 Kan. 155, 157, 708 P.2d 529 (1985).

45. Cited; extent and effect of order suppressing evidence obtained under warrants containing false and misleading information examined. State v. Olson, 11 Kan. App. 2d 485, 486, 726 P.2d 1347 (1986).

46. Cited; authority of municipal law enforcement officer in "fresh pursuit" to make warrantless misdemeanor arrest on military reservation examined. City of Junction City v. Riley, 240 Kan. 614, 615, 731 P.2d 310 (1987).

47. Cited; admissibility of blood alcohol test performed with consent but without notices contained in K.S.A. 8-1001(f)(1) examined. State v. Doeden, 12 Kan. App. 2d 245, 246, 738 P.2d 876 (1987).

48. Cited; dual venue where two or more acts requisite to crime occurred in separate counties examined. State v. Redford, 242 Kan. 658, 672, 750 P.2d 1013 (1988).

49. Cited; search and seizure with warrant based on observations of state park custodian. State v. Smith, 243 Kan. 715, 716, 763 P.2d 632 (1988).

50. Exception to probable cause and warrant requirements (stop and frisk rule) examined. State v. Webb, 13 Kan. App. 2d 300, 769 P.2d 34 (1989).

51. State has right to appeal where court incorrectly characterized action as judgment of acquittal. State v. Ruden, 245 Kan. 95, 100, 774 P.2d 972 (1989).

52. Search by law enforcement officers following prior private search examined. State v. Windes, 13 Kan. App. 2d 577, 578, 776 P.2d 477 (1989).

53. Unreasonable scope and duration of seizure examined where passengers checked and car searched following ticketing of driver. State v. Damm, 246 Kan. 220, 787 P.2d 1185 (1990).

54. Consequences of third or subsequent conviction of driving with suspended license determined. State v. Harpool, 246 Kan. 226, 227, 788 P.2d 281 (1990).

55. Statute permits state to appeal order suppressing or excluding evidence that substantially impairs state's case. State v. Griffin, 246 Kan. 320, 787 P.2d 701 (1990).

56. State not bound to appeal dismissal without prejudice resulting from prior suppression order. State v. Heigele, 14 Kan. App. 2d 286, 288, 789 P.2d 218 (1990). 14 Kan. App. 2d 286, 288, 789 P.2d 218 (1990).

57. Voluntary nature of consent to search after illegal automobile stop examined. State v. Henry, 14 Kan. App. 2d 416, 417, 792 P.2d 358 (1990).

58. State's burden to prove confession admissible (K.S.A. 22-3215) carries right to interlocutory appeal on its suppression. State v. Weis, 246 Kan. 694, 696, 792 P.2d 989 (1990).

59. Imposition of sanctions upheld where state failed to comply with order to produce certain information about confidential informant. State v. Clovis, 248 Kan. 313, 316, 807 P.2d 127 (1991).

60. What constitutes entry of the order to commence the period for filing an interlocutory appeal examined. State v. Michel, 17 Kan. App. 2d 265, 834 P.2d 1374 (1992).

61. Grant of probation not appealable by state. State v. Ruff, 252 Kan. 625, 629, 630, 847 P.2d 1258 (1993).

62. Cited; section supports appellate jurisdiction where suppression of BAT impaired ability to prosecute defendant. State v. Branscum, 19 Kan. App. 2d 836, 837, 877 P.2d 458 (1994).

63. State is not entitled to de novo preliminary hearing when magistrate dismisses criminal case for lack of probable cause. State v. Kleen, 257 Kan. 911, 913, 896 P.2d 376 (1995).

64. Appeal dismissed where state's notice of appeal mistakenly stated appeal was interlocutory. State v. Kerby, 259 Kan. 104, 105, 910 P.2d 836 (1996).

65. Appellate review of trial court ruling suppressing or excluding evidence considered. State v. Nuessen, 23 Kan. App. 2d 456, 458, 933 P.2d 155 (1997).

66. Municipality may not classify state felony as municipal misdemeanor and prosecute defendant. City of Junction City v. Cadoret, 263 Kan. 164, 190, 946 P.2d 1356 (1997).

67. Suppression of evidence supported by substantial competent evidence; minor did not consent to officers entering residence. State v. Kriegh, 23 Kan. App. 2d 935, 937, 937 P.2d 453 (1997).

68. Time which prosecution's interlocutory appeal is pending is not counted for speedy trial purposes. State v. Brown, 263 Kan. 759, 762, 950 P.2d 1365 (1998).

69. In case involving interlocutory appeal, time after receiving mandate from appellate court plus time from arraignment to filing of appeal results in delay over 180-day limit of K.S.A. 22-3402. State v. White, 34 Kan. App. 2d 182, 115 P.3d 785 (2005).

70. Interlocutory appeals allowed by state of orders issued prior to trial or retrial of the guilt or penalty of criminal cases. State v. Kleypas, 282 Kan. 560, 564, 147 P.3d 1058 (2006).

71. Appellate review of suppression of confession made under threat of coercive option discussed. State v. Brown, 37 Kan. App. 2d 726, 728, 731, 157 P.3d 655 (2007).

72. When state files interlocutory appeal not authorized by K.S.A. 22-3603, time for appeal charged to state under K.S.A. 22-3402. State v. Mitchell, 285 Kan. 1070, 1073, 1081, 179 P.3d 394 (2008).

73. Prosecution allowed to appeal a pretrial order suppressing evidence. State v. Bradley, 42 Kan. App. 2d 104, 208 P.3d 788 (2009).

74. Interlocutory appeal improvidently taken; no jurisdiction found. State v. Sales, 290 Kan. 130, 224 P.3d 546 (2010).

75. District court's decision to exclude stipulation of a prior DUI conviction from jury instructions was an abuse of discretion where prior convictions established an element of the crime. State v. Mburu, 51 Kan. App. 2d 266, 270-71, 346 P.3d 1086 (2015).

76. Because a district court's grant of a motion for DNA testing under K.S.A. 21-2512 leaves open the possibility for further proceedings, the state may not appeal such an order. State v. LaPointe, 51 Kan. App. 2d 742, 749, 355 P.3d 694 (2015).

77. Appellate court had jurisdiction where district court order substantially impaired the state's ability to prosecute a DUI as a felony by finding defendant's out-of-state DWI convictions were not comparable to Kansas DUI. State v. Myers, 58 Kan. App. 2d 903, 905-09, 475 P.3d 1256 (2020), rev. granted (Jan. 28, 2021).


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