Source or Prior Law:

21-103, 21-529, 21-532, 21-533, 21-534, 21-535, 21-535a, 21-536, 21-537, 21-539, 21-540, 21-541, 21-542, 21-543, 21-544, 21-545, 21-546, 21-547, 21-548, 21-549, 21-550, 21-551, 21-552, 21-560, 21-561, 21-562, 21-594, 21-2301, 21-2302, 21-2412, 21-2422.

Law Review and Bar Journal References:

"Thou Shalt Not Steal: Ruminations on the New Kansas Theft Law," Paul E. Wilson, 20 K.L.R. 385 (1972).

"Researching Legislative Intent," Fritz Snyder, 51 J.K.B.A. 93, 95 (1982).

"Reform in Kansas Domestic Violence Legislation," David J. Gottlieb and L. Eric Johnson, 31 K.L.R. 527, 563 (1983).

"Survey of Kansas Law: Criminal Law," Robert A. Wason, 32 K.L.R. 395, 408, 424, 425 (1984).

"Juvenile Law: Juvenile Involuntarily Absent from a Waiver Hearing is Not Denied Due Process [State v. Muhammad, 237 Kan. 850, 703 P.2d 835 (1985)]," Daniel J. Gronniger, 25 W.L.J. 598, 604, 605 (1986).

"Juvenile Law: Jurisdiction Under the Kansas Juvenile Code: Juvenile Adjudication or Adult Trial?" Carmen D. Tucker, 27 W.L.J. 394, 403 (1988).

"Expungement: Lies That Can Hurt You In and Out of Court," Steven K. O'Hern, 27 W.L.J. 574, 578, 586, 589, 598 (1988).

"Review of the Proposed Kansas Sentencing Guidelines," Geary N. Gorup, XIV J.K.T.L.A. No. 5, 15 (1991).

"Medicaid Planning for the Elderly: Using Supplemental Discretionary Trusts to Pay the Costs of Long-Term Care," Brent A. Mitchell, 31 W.L.J. 80, 94 (1991).

"Constitutional Law: Kansans Have No Reasonable Expectation of Privacy in Bank or Telephone Records [State v. Schultz, 850 P.2d 818 (Kan. 1993)]," Kyle Steadman, 33 W.L.J. 466 (1994).

"The Kansas Stalking Law: A 'Credible Threat' to Victims. A Critique of the Kansas Stalking Law and Proposed Legislation," Callie Anderson Marks, 36 W.L.J. 468 (1997).

"Criminal Law: Computer Hackers Must Do More Than Dial Phone Numbers to be Charged with Computer Crime in Kansas [State v. Allen, 917 P.2d 848 (Kan. 1996)]," Angela N. Loehr, 36 W.L.J. 530 (1997).

"Employment Law: After-Acquired Evidence Doctrine—An Affirmative Defense for Kansas Employers to Bar Relief for Wrongful Discharge," Robert L. Shuck, 37 W.L.J. 215 (1997).

Survey of Recent Cases, 45 K.L.R. 1390 (1997).

"Apprendi v. New Jersey: Protecting the Constitutional Rights of Criminals in Sentencing," Stephanie B. Stewart, 49 K.L.R. 1193 (2001).

"2001 Legislative Wrap Up," Paul T. Davis, 70 J.K.B.A. No. 7, 14 (2001).

"2002 Legislative Wrap Up," Paul T. Davis, 71 J.K.B.A. No. 7, 15 (2002).

"Relating Kansas Offenses," Tom Stacy, 56 K.L.R. 831 (2008).

Attorney General's Opinions:

Farm animal and research facilities protection act (K.S.A. 47-1825 et seq.). 90-72.

Trial court may not order interest as part of restitution from person convicted of theft of obtaining ineligible unemployment compensation. 92-107.

Theft; breach of lease; purchase agreement and failure to return property. 94-134.

Municipal courts have jurisdiction to hear ordinance violations that could be prosecuted as a felony in district court. 2007-26.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Mentioned on interlocutory appeal questioning order suppressing evidence. State v. Boyle, 207 Kan. 833, 836, 486 P.2d 849.

2. Error to fail to give instruction limiting scope of evidence of prior conviction. State v. Rambo, 208 Kan. 929, 495 P.2d 101.

3. Controlling as to whether defendant charged with proper crime; value of fifty dollars. State v. Brown, 209 Kan. 493, 496 P.2d 1340.

4. Conviction upheld; illegal arrest will not invalidate conviction without prejudice; evidence sufficient to sustain conviction. State v. Larkin, 209 Kan. 660, 498 P.2d 37.

5. Conviction hereunder upheld; construed to connote the exercise of dominion over object in question; no error. State v. Knowles, 209 Kan. 676, 677, 678, 498 P.2d 40.

6. Conviction under subsection (a) upheld; retail price admissible to show value to establish degree of the crime. Clinton v. State, 210 Kan. 327, 502 P.2d 852.

7. Numerous assignments of error disposed of; conviction hereunder upheld. State v. Scott, 210 Kan. 426, 427, 429, 502 P.2d 753.

8. On-the-scene identification; constitutional right to counsel not violated; prior conviction of auto theft properly admitted. State v. Kress, 210 Kan. 522, 526, 502 P.2d 827.

9. Mentioned; guilty plea voluntarily entered; evidentiary hearing not necessary; right to appeal not constitutionally guaranteed. Collins v. State, 210 Kan. 577, 502 P.2d 851.

10. Conviction hereunder upheld; motion for new trial on ground of newly discovered evidence denied. State v. Larkin, 212 Kan. 158, 510 P.2d 123.

11. Cited in appeal on question reserved; patterned jury instruction disapproved. State v. McClanahan, 212 Kan. 208, 510 P.2d 153.

12. Defendant acquitted of charges hereunder; order final and not appealable by the state. State v. Gustin, 212 Kan. 475, 477, 510 P.2d 1290.

13. Conviction hereunder reversed; trial court erred in failing to instruct jury on lesser included offense. State v. Green, 213 Kan. 547, 516 P.2d 926.

14. Conviction hereunder and under K.S.A. 21-3715 upheld; search and seizure valid. State v. Moretz, 214 Kan. 370, 520 P.2d 1260.

15. Allegations evidence supported case hereunder only; rejected; conviction of attempted felonious theft upheld. State v. Awad, 214 Kan. 499, 520 P.2d 1281.

16. Conviction under subsection (d) upheld; evidence supported conviction. State v. Maier, 214 Kan. 547, 520 P.2d 1258.

17. Prosecution hereunder; denial of motion to quash search warrant and suppress evidence upheld. State v. Hubbard, 215 Kan. 42, 523 P.2d 387.

18. Evidence sufficient to sustain conviction of theft by deception; refusal of mistrial upheld. State v. Adair, 215 Kan. 54, 56, 523 P.2d 360.

19. Conviction hereunder; instructions of trial court reviewed and upheld. State v. Atkinson, 215 Kan. 139, 140, 523 P.2d 737.

20. Probable cause to institute prosecution hereunder; malicious prosecution not maintainable. Stohr v. Donahue, 215 Kan. 528, 532, 527 P.2d 983.

21. Conviction hereunder and under former K.S.A. 21-545; record reviewed; no error. State v. Craven, 215 Kan. 546, 527 P.2d 1003.

22. Evidence sufficient to support conviction hereunder. State v. Carpenter, 215 Kan. 573, 574, 582, 527 P.2d 1333.

23. Obtaining automobile by impersonation, forgery and fraud held theft; covered by insurance policy. Farm Bureau Mutual Ins. Co. v. Carr, 215 Kan. 591, 595, 528 P.2d 134.

24. Conviction under subsection (c) upheld; no violation of due process; evidence withheld during trial oversight. State v. Kelly, 216 Kan. 31, 531 P.2d 60.

25. Cited in holding subsection (1)(b) of K.S.A. 21-3503 unconstitutionally vague. State v. Conley, 216 Kan. 66, 69, 531 P.2d 36.

26. Applied in determining that acquittal on charge of theft did not preclude prosecution for burglary and possession of burglary tools. State v. Pruitt, 216 Kan. 103, 106, 531 P.2d 860.

27. Applied; conviction of attempted theft of swine reversed; evidence insufficient to infer specific intent to steal. State v. Gobin, 216 Kan. 278, 280, 531 P.2d 16.

28. Appellant convicted hereunder; citation of statute improperly does not make information defective. State v. Atkinson, 216 Kan. 340, 532 P.2d 1063.

29. Conviction hereunder notwithstanding acquittal of burglary upheld; offenses independent and distinct. State v. Blassingill, 216 Kan. 722, 533 P.2d 1228.

30. Defendant charged hereunder erroneously discharged for denial of speedy trial (K.S.A. 22-3402); delay fault of defendant. State v. Sherman, 217 Kan. 326, 536 P.2d 1373.

31. Conviction hereunder; record examined; no reversible error. State v. Rogers, 217 Kan. 462, 467, 537 P.2d 222.

32. Conviction under subsection (c) upheld; honest belief debt was owed no defense. State v. Russell, 217 Kan. 481, 484, 536 P.2d 1392.

33. Conviction hereunder and under K.S.A. 21-3715 reversed; unreasonable search and seizure; confession inadmissible. State v. Boster, 217 Kan. 618, 619, 539 P.2d 294.

34. Necessity to instruct on value and a finding thereon by jury. State v. Piland, 217 Kan. 689, 691, 538 P.2d 689.

35. Conviction hereunder; warrantless arrest under K.S.A. 22-2401 upheld; admission of evidence and instructions approved. State v. Curtis, 217 Kan. 718, 538 P.2d 1383.

36. Conviction hereunder; evidence of refusal of handwriting exemplar properly admitted; outside scope of constitutional privilege. State v. Haze, 218 Kan. 60, 542 P.2d 720.

37. Record examined on appeal from conviction hereunder; no reversible error. State v. Champ, 218 Kan. 389, 543 P.2d 893.

38. Conviction hereunder; admission of evidence of prior conviction did not constitute prejudicial error. State v. Moore, 218 Kan. 450, 543 P.2d 923.

39. Alleged constitutional errors considered; conviction under subsection (d) upheld. State v. Timmons, 218 Kan. 741, 742, 545 P.2d 358.

40. Conviction under subsection (d) upheld; claim of marital privilege denied. State v. Glover, 219 Kan. 54, 547 P.2d 351.

41. Conviction hereunder upheld; value of property jury question. State v. Rhone, 219 Kan. 542, 546, 548 P.2d 752.

42. Conviction hereunder reversed; duty to clarify instructions as to essential elements of crime. State v. Bandt, 219 Kan. 816, 818, 819, 820, 822, 549 P.2d 936.

43. Subsection (d) is not unconstitutional as being vague, indefinite and uncertain. State v. Bandt, 219 Kan. 816, 818, 819, 549 P.2d 936.

44. Evidence sufficient to sustain conviction of guilt hereunder. State v. Baker, 219 Kan. 854, 855, 549 P.2d 911.

45. Evidence sufficient to form basis of inference of guilt. State v. Carter, 220 Kan. 16, 551 P.2d 821.

46. Record examined on appeal from conviction hereunder; no reversible error. State v. Mahkuk, 220 Kan. 74, 551 P.2d 869.

47. Failure to instruct as to element of value in prosecution hereunder not fatal; evidence sufficient; conviction sustained. State v. Nesmith, 220 Kan. 146, 151, 551 P.2d 896.

48. Welfare fraud conviction (this section and K.S.A. 39-720) affirmed; evidence sufficient. State v. Ambler, 220 Kan. 560, 552 P.2d 896.

49. Conviction of theft and unlawful deprivation of property affirmed; instruction and sentence proper. State v. Moore, 220 Kan. 707, 556 P.2d 409.

50. Conviction of felony theft and burglary reviewed; no reversible error found. State v. Hall, 220 Kan. 712, 713, 556 P.2d 413.

51. Conviction of felony theft reviewed and affirmed. State v. Coburn, 220 Kan. 750, 754, 556 P.2d 382.

52. Under facts, crime of robbery as defined in K.S.A. 21-3426, not committed. State v. Aldershof, 220 Kan. 798, 800, 804, 556 P.2d 371.

53. Conviction of felony theft reviewed; evidence sustained conviction. State v. Warren, 221 Kan. 10, 12, 14, 557 P.2d 1248.

54. Conviction of felony theft and burglary affirmed; admission of testimony of burglary theft in Oklahoma upheld. State v. Burnett, 221 Kan. 40, 558 P.2d 1087.

55. Conviction of felony theft; evidence insufficient to sustain conviction of attempted theft; resentence ordered. State v. Moss, 221 Kan. 47, 557 P.2d 1292.

56. Conviction of burglary and misdemeanor theft reviewed; no reversible error. State v. Gross, 221 Kan. 98, 558 P.2d 665.

57. Convictions hereunder and of other crimes affirmed on review. State v. Lee, 221 Kan. 109, 110, 558 P.2d 1096.

58. Conviction hereunder; alleged errors reviewed and judgment affirmed. State v. Jakeway, 221 Kan. 142, 143, 558 P.2d 113.

59. Failure to instruct hereunder in prosecution for aggravated robbery not error. State v. Colbert, 221 Kan. 203, 207, 208, 557 P.2d 1235.

60. Alleged trial errors reviewed and conviction hereunder affirmed. State v. Black, 221 Kan. 248, 559 P.2d 784.

61. Conviction of burglary and felony theft affirmed; evidence sufficient. State v. Wilson & Wentworth, 221 Kan. 359, 360, 559 P.2d 374.

62. Conviction hereunder and under K.S.A. 21-3741 reviewed; no reversible error. State v. Edwards, 221 Kan. 405, 406, 559 P.2d 807.

63. Conviction hereunder reversed and remanded; right of defendant to post-arrest silence violated by prosecutor in impeaching defendant's testimony by such silence. State v. Heath, 222 Kan. 50, 563 P.2d 418.

64. Conviction hereunder upheld; psychiatric examination of indigent defendant's relying on insanity defense discussed. State v. Burnett, 222 Kan. 162, 563 P.2d 451.

65. Section applied; conviction affirmed. State v. White, 1 Kan. App. 2d 452, 571 P.2d 6.

66. Prosecution under subsection (b); erroneous reception of testimony; new trial ordered. State v. Davis, 2 Kan. App. 2d 10, 11, 573 P.2d 1124.

67. Conviction upheld under section. State v. Jackson, 222 Kan. 424, 565 P.2d 278.

68. Conviction under this section affirmed. State v. Marquez, 222 Kan. 441, 442, 565 P.2d 245.

69. Convictions hereunder and of obstructing official duty (K.S.A. 21-3808) reviewed and affirmed. State v. Gasser, 223 Kan. 24, 574 P.2d 146.

70. Alleged trial errors examined on appeal from conviction of burglary and felony theft; convictions affirmed. State v. Martin, 223 Kan. 78, 573 P.2d 576.

71. Record on appeal from conviction hereunder examined; no error. State v. Bailey, 223 Kan. 178, 573 P.2d 590.

72. Conviction affirmed; K.S.A. 21-3702 construed and applied; constitutional. State v. Smith, 223 Kan. 192, 573 P.2d 985.

73. Instructions using M'Naghten rule proper; conviction hereunder affirmed. State v. Smith, 223 Kan. 203, 574 P.2d 548.

74. Elements of theft by deception stated; failure to show required intent by means of false statement or representation; judgment reversed. State v. Finch, 223 Kan. 398, 399, 400, 401, 404, 405, 406, 573 P.2d 1048.

75. No prejudicial error in review of conviction hereunder; affirmed. State v. Dunnan, 223 Kan. 428, 573 P.2d 1068.

76. Admission of evidence of a similar offense proving identity under K.S.A. 60-455 held proper; conviction affirmed. State v. Gourley, 224 Kan. 167, 578 P.2d 713.

77. Record reviewed on appeal from conviction hereunder and of other crimes; no error. State v. Howard, 224 Kan. 208, 209, 579 P.2d 702.

78. No reversible error found in review of convictions of burglary and theft. State v. McBarron, 224 Kan. 710, 585 P.2d 1041.

79. Review of alleged trial errors on appeal from conviction hereunder; conviction affirmed. State v. White & Stewart, 225 Kan. 87, 89, 587 P.2d 1259.

80. Order dismissing complaint-information charging felony theft held judgment of acquittal; not appealable. State v. Whorton, 225 Kan. 251, 257, 258, 589 P.2d 610.

81. Felony theft found inherently and foreseeably dangerous; sufficient to support felony-murder rule. State v. Smith, 225 Kan. 796, 594 P.2d 218.

82. Conviction hereunder reversed; constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel; conflicting defenses. State v. West, 2 Kan. App. 2d 297, 578 P.2d 287.

83. Jury instruction on presumption of innocence proper; evidence sufficient; conviction affirmed. State v. Mansaw, 3 Kan. App. 2d 19, 587 P.2d 1279.

84. Conviction hereunder reversed and remanded; prosecutorial misconduct. State v. Dill, 3 Kan. App. 2d 67, 589 P.2d 634.

85. Appeal from conviction hereunder. State v. Marsk, 226 Kan. 704, 705, 602 P.2d 1344.

86. Appeal from conviction hereunder. State v. Mitchell, 226 Kan. 776, 602 P.2d 1383.

87. No clear legislative intent to make "obtaining or exerting unauthorized control over property" a continuing offense. State v. Gainer, 227 Kan. 670, 671, 673, 674, 608 P.2d 968.

88. Appeal from order waiving juvenile jurisdiction over juvenile charged hereunder. In re Edwards, 227 Kan. 723, 608 P.2d 1006.

89. Conviction affirmed; a lay witness may generally testify concerning the comparison of footwear worn by a defendant and footprints found at the scene of a crime. State v. Christon, 3 Kan. App. 2d 372, 595 P.2d 356.

90. Evidence obtained by person acting as agent of police properly suppressed. State v. Bohannon, 3 Kan. App. 2d 448, 449, 596 P.2d 190.

91. Circumstantial evidence to support guilty verdict; later in time warrantless search of car in custody upheld under "plain view" doctrine with probable cause. State v. Mitchell, 3 Kan. App. 2d 635, 636, 599 P.2d 1025.

92. Conviction upheld; defendant properly convicted under either a single or multiple larceny theory. State v. Stoops, 4 Kan. App. 2d 130, 131, 603 P.2d 221.

93. Cited in holding that aggravated battery not reasonably foreseeable as a consequence of committing misdemeanor theft. State v. Davis, 4 Kan. App. 2d 210, 604 P.2d 68.

94. Conviction affirmed; right to counsel voluntarily waived; instructions to jury did not prejudice defendant; cross-examination not improper. State v. Burnett, 4 Kan. App. 2d 236, 239, 604 P.2d 284.

95. Guilty verdict on charge hereunder not prerequisite to guilty verdict on theft charge. State v. Hayden, 4 Kan. App. 2d 335, 606 P.2d 115.

96. Double jeopardy not bar to theft retrial; burglary evidence admissible even though presented at original trial which resulted in burglary acquittal and theft mistrial. In re Shotwell & Grades, 4 Kan. App. 2d 382, 383, 607 P.2d 83.

97. Theft held lesser included offense of robbery; failure to instruct thereon constituted reversible error at robbery trial. State v. Antwine, 4 Kan. App. 2d 389, 398, 399, 607 P.2d 519.

98. Conviction hereunder upheld; unlawful deprivation of property not lesser included offense of theft. State v. Burnett, 4 Kan. App. 2d 412, 413, 414, 416, 417, 418, 607 P.2d 88.

99. Conviction hereunder upheld; Miranda right to counsel may be waived; waiver may be inferred from circumstances of case. State v. McConico, 4 Kan. App. 2d 420, 607 P.2d 93.

100. Conviction affirmed; rules for valuation of property reviewed. State v. Robinson, 4 Kan. App. 2d 428, 429, 608 P.2d 1014.

101. Conviction of theft by deception reversed; defendant granted new trial on attempted theft; trial judge failed to instruct thereon. State v. Saylor, 4 Kan. App. 2d 563, 564, 565, 566, 608 P.2d 421. Reversed: 228 Kan. 498, 618 P.2d 1166.

102. Mandatory commitment of insanity acquittees does not constitute a denial of equal protection of the law, due process or cruel and unusual punishment. In re Jones, 228 Kan. 90, 612 P.2d 1211.

103. Criminal damage to property not lesser included offense of crime of theft. State v. Shoemake, 228 Kan. 572, 576, 618 P.2d 1201.

104. Trial court's instructions not clearly erroneous; conviction of felony murder affirmed. State v. Hearron, 228 Kan. 693, 619 P.2d 812.

105. Evidence of underlying felony of aggravated burglary strong and conclusive; no error in failure to give lesser included instructions based upon alleged intoxication. State v. Case, 228 Kan. 733, 620 P.2d 821.

106. Criminal code abolishes common law distinction between real and personal property. State v. Greene, 5 Kan. App. 2d 698, 703, 623 P.2d 933.

107. Where customer in self-service store conceals property of store and has requisite criminal intent, customer has committed theft. State v. Saylor, 228 Kan. 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 618 P.2d 1166.

108. Before defendant can be sentenced as habitual criminal, each succeeding offense must be committed after conviction for preceding offense. State v. Wilson, 6 Kan. App. 2d 302, 627 P.2d 1185.

109. No error found in failure to instruct jury on statutory definition of theft in burglary case. State v. Brown, 6 Kan. App. 2d 556, 560, 630 P.2d 731 (1981).

110. False promise to pay not equatable with false pretense. State v. Hamilton, 6 Kan. App. 2d 646, 647, 649, 631 P.2d 1255 (1981).

111. Statute cited; under facts, defendant didn't "obtain" or help anyone else "obtain" control of stolen vehicle. State v. Myers, 6 Kan. App. 2d 906, 908, 909, 636 P.2d 213 (1981).

112. Stop and search of automobile in warrantless arrest considered; admission of evidence. State v. Niblock, 230 Kan. 156, 631 P.2d 661 (1981).

113. Court should give cautionary instruction when there is serious question on reliability of eyewitness identification. State v. Warren, 230 Kan. 385, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 401, 635 P.2d 1236 (1981).

114. Dismissal of complaint filed hereunder for violation of accused's right to timely appearance before magistrate after arrest reversed. State v. Crouch & Reeder, 230 Kan. 783, 784, 641 P.2d 394 (1982).

115. Physical possession of stolen property recovered by law enforcement officers before delivery to accused. State v. Sterling, 230 Kan. 790, 792, 640 P.2d 1264 (1982).

116. Various alleged evidentiary and procedural errors considered and no prejudicial error found. State v. Grauerholz, 232 Kan. 221, 227, 654 P.2d 395 (1982).

117. Charge hereunder dismissed because of improper arrest; sheriff acted beyond statutory authority in executing warrant outside county of office. State v. Hennessee, 232 Kan. 807, 658 P.2d 1034 (1983).

118. Policemen's statements were not voluntary when refusal to answer would result in departmental discipline. State v. Mzhickteno, 8 Kan. App. 2d 389, 658 P.2d 1052 (1983).

119. The action of opening bay door of truck and reaching in bay compartment constitutes an entry. State v. Zimmerman & Schmidt, 233 Kan. 151, 153, 660 P.2d 960 (1983).

120. Cited in holding hearsay evidence, if substantial basis for credibility, may form basis for probable cause in preliminary hearing. State v. Cremer, 8 Kan. App. 2d 699, 666 P.2d 1200 (1983).

121. Conviction under subsection (a) or (c) in the abstract are felonies dangerous to human life and will sustain first degree murder conviction under felony murder rule. State v. Lashley, 233 Kan. 620, 621, 632, 633, 664 P.2d 1358 (1983).

122. Where no error committed at trial, court erred in subsequent probation revocation hearing in refusing to issue subpoenas for defendant's witnesses. State v. Jackson, 234 Kan. 84, 88, 670 P.2d 1327 (1983).

123. Cited in holding property taken under robbery statutes (K.S.A. 21-3426, 21-3427) need not have intrinsic value. State v. Gomez, 234 Kan. 447, 448, 673 P.2d 1160 (1983).

124. No merit to defendant's contention that much of evidence against him circumstantial in nature. State v. Hartfield, 9 Kan. App. 2d 156, 159, 160, 676 P.2d 141 (1984).

125. Where codified crimes mutually exclusive, defendant may be charged in alternative and complaint amended before verdict. State v. Alvarez, 9 Kan. App. 2d 371, 372, 373, 678 P.2d 1132 (1984).

126. Theft is lesser degree of crime of robbery under K.S.A. 21-3107(2)(a). State v. Long, 234 Kan. 580, 581, 591, 675 P.2d 832 (1984).

127. Rules of evidence in K.S.A. 60-401 et seq. to be applied in preliminary examination under K.S.A. 22-2902. State v. Cremer, 234 Kan. 594, 676 P.2d 59 (1984).

128. Not guilty plea may be consistent with defense of entrapment when defendant admits substantial involvement. State v. Rogers, 234 Kan. 629, 675 P.2d 71 (1984).

129. Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine inapplicable where wife's voluntary statements not protected by marital privilege. State v. Newman, 235 Kan. 29, 43, 680 P.2d 257 (1984).

130. Where court dismissed charges prior to preliminary hearing, state must appeal dismissal to invoke appellate jurisdiction. State v. Patrzykont, 235 Kan. 537, 680 P.2d 555 (1984).

131. Certificate to practice law voluntarily surrendered; disbarred following conviction hereof and exhaustion of appeals. In re Wiswell, 236 Kan. 311, 691 P.2d 391 (1984).

132. Suspended sentences included in meaning of probation in consecutive sentencing statute, K.S.A. 21-4608(3). State v. Ashley, 236 Kan. 551, 553, 693 P.2d 1168 (1985).

133. Dismissing complaint following preliminary hearing proper where defendant mere associate not willfully furthering the success of the venture. State v. Green, 237 Kan. 146, 149, 697 P.2d 1305 (1985).

134. Consecutive sentences not mandated by K.S.A. 21-4608(4) where defendant commits felony while on release awaiting trial. State v. Reed, 10 Kan. App. 2d 189, 694 P.2d 1329 (1985).

135. Defense continuance, language of information (K.S.A. 22-3201), evidence and instruction on attempt (K.S.A. 32-3301), theft as supporting felony murder (K.S.A. 21-3401) and hearsay testimony on deceased's intent (K.S.A. 60-460(d)(3)) discussed. State v. Garner, 237 Kan. 227, 242, 699 P.2d 468 (1985).

136. General owner taking property from mechanic's lien holder without permission or satisfying lien may be guilty of theft. State v. Etape, 237 Kan. 380, 382, 383, 699 P.2d 532 (1985).

137. Effects of voluntary intoxication instruction, testimony of witness following unintentional violation of sequestration order. State v. Johns, 237 Kan. 402, 699 P.2d 538 (1985).

138. Circumstances when consecutive sentences (K.S.A. 21-4608) required determined. State v. Reed, 237 Kan. 685, 686, 703 P.2d 756 (1985).

139. Res gestae evidence, inconsistent jury verdicts, trial court response to jury questions during deliberations discussed. State v. Peck, 237 Kan. 756, 703 P.2d 781 (1985).

140. Noted; trial court's refusal to set aside diversion agreement not appealable under K.S.A. 22-3603. State v. McDaniels, 237 Kan. 767, 768, 771, 703 P.2d 789 (1985).

141. Violation of sequestration order, without knowledge or connivance of defendant, insufficient reason to exclude alibi witness. State v. Hill, 10 Kan. App. 2d 607, 706 P.2d 472 (1985).

142. Prior theft convictions not element of felony theft and serve only to classify at sentencing to enhance punishment. State v. Hanks, 10 Kan. App. 2d 666, 669, 708 P.2d 991 (1985).

143. It is value of personal property stolen, not the interest the owner has in it, which determines offense. State v. Kee, 238 Kan. 342, 346, 711 P.2d 746 (1985).

144. Specific intent, unlawful deprivation (K.S.A. 21-3705) as lesser included offense, probation following consecutive sentences (K.S.A. 21-4608(3)) discussed. State v. Keeler, 238 Kan. 356, 710 P.2d 1279 (1985).

145. Theft by deception and issuing worthless check (K.S.A. 21-3707) separate and independent offenses. State v. Ringi, 238 Kan. 523, 529, 712 P.2d 1223 (1986).

146. State appeal of dismissal; return of stolen property to crime victim, protection of rights of defendant and state discussed. State v. Winter, 238 Kan. 530, 712 P.2d 1228 (1986).

147. Cited; disbarment ordered upon voluntary surrender of license to practice law following guilty plea to felony theft. In re Hess, 238 Kan. 636, 713 P.2d 478 (1986).

148. Trial of juvenile as adult (K.S.A. 38-1602(b)(3)), double jeopardy (K.S.A. 21-3108(2)(a)) examined. State v. Lowe, 238 Kan. 755, 715 P.2d 404 (1986); reversed, Lowe v. State, 242 Kan. 64, 744 P.2d 856 (1987).

149. Invited error, defendant's voluntary absence (K.S.A. 22-3405) examined. State v. Salton, 238 Kan. 835, 715 P.2d 412 (1986).

150. Proceeding under K.S.A. 60-1507; intent of sentencing judge when one of multiple sentences vacated; propriety of judge's ex parte communication with penitentiary discussed. Niblock v. State, 11 Kan. App. 2d 30, 711 P.2d 771 (1985).

151. Sales tax as part of property value, instruction on lesser included offense examined. State v. Parsons, 11 Kan. App. 2d 220, 720 P.2d 671 (1986).

152. Lesser included crimes of aggravated burglary (K.S.A. 21-3716), preliminary hearing transcripts, "unauthorized entry" examined. State v. Fondren, 11 Kan. App. 2d 309, 721 P.2d 284 (1986).

153. Requirement that associate counsel (K.S.A. 19-717) be bound by pretrial discovery requirements (K.S.A. 22-3212) examined. State v. Dressel, 11 Kan. App. 2d 552, 729 P.2d 1245 (1986).

154. Requirement of written evidence in record regarding right to counsel (K.S.A. 22-3426) examined. State v. Turner, 239 Kan. 360, 721 P.2d 255 (1986).

155. Speedy trial, justices qualified on rehearing, hearsay statements, incriminating statements, witness sequestration, new evidence examined. State v. Ransom, 239 Kan. 594, 722 P.2d 540 (1986).

156. Cited by dissent in opinion examining qualified privilege in libel law and interference with prospective business advantage. Turner v. Halliburton Co., 240 Kan. 1, 15, 722 P.2d 1106 (1986).

157. Evidence required to establish aggravated arson (K.S.A. 21-3718, 21-3719), what constitutes interest in another person examined. State v. Houck, 240 Kan. 130, 131, 727 P.2d 460 (1986).

158. Sales tax is not part of "value" of unsold retail merchandise stolen from a store. State v. Alexander, 12 Kan. App. 2d 1, 5, 732 P.2d 814 (1987).

159. Discovery from complaining witness (K.S.A. 22-3212) and attorney hired to assist prosecution (K.S.A. 19-717) examined. State v. Dressel, 241 Kan. 426, 738 P.2d 830 (1987): Reversing, 11 Kan. App. 2d 552, 729 P.2d 1245 (1986).

160. Concurrent jurisdiction of city and state examined. State v. Frazier, 12 Kan. App. 2d 164, 736 P.2d 956 (1987).

161. Necessity of allegation of intent to permanently deprive owner to sustain welfare fraud charge examined. State v. Bryan, 12 Kan. App. 2d 206, 738 P.2d 463 (1987).

162. Judicial conduct supporting censure proceedings, fair sentencing proceedings, sentencing guidelines examined. State v. Lake, 12 Kan. App. 2d 275, 740 P.2d 106 (1987).

163. Denial of motion allowing late filing of appeal where no indication to appeal found in record examined. State v. Cook, 12 Kan. App. 2d 309, 741 P.2d 379 (1987).

164. Failure of state to proceed under juvenile offender's code (K.S.A. 38-1601 et seq.) examined. State v. Mayfield, 241 Kan. 555, 738 P.2d 861 (1987).

165. Noted as lesser included offense (K.S.A. 21-3107) of robbery (K.S.A. 21-3426) in case raising lesser included offense of rape (K.S.A. 21-3502) question. State v. Moore, 242 Kan. 1, 3, 748 P.2d 833 (1987).

166. Dismissal of charge on court's motion after state's case, then reinstatement with further proceedings as double jeopardy examined. Lowe v. State, 242 Kan. 64, 67, 744 P.2d 856 (1987).

167. Cited; theft (K.S.A. 21-3701) as independent from welfare fraud (K.S.A. 39-720), sufficiency of charge examined. State v. Micheaux, 242 Kan. 192, 198, 747 P.2d 784 (1987).

168. Cited by dissent; different methods or means of committing crime as opposed to capacity in which defendant acted examined. State v. Jones, 242 Kan. 385, 398, 748 P.2d 839 (1988).

169. Court's power to set aside, sua sponte, a plea of nolo contendere (K.S.A. 22-3210) examined. State v. Dillon, 242 Kan. 410, 748 P.2d 856 (1988).

170. Cited; applicability of single larceny doctrine in unemployment fraud (K.S.A. 44-719) examined. State v. Fox, 242 Kan. 457, 459, 749 P.2d 16 (1988).

171. Warrantless search, "plain view" and "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrines, confession and evidence following illegal arrest examined. State v. Kirby, 12 Kan. App. 2d 346, 352, 744 P.2d 146 (1987): Affirmed, 242 Kan. 803, 751 P.2d 1041 (1988).

172. Cited; knowledge, intent or absence of mistake as not constituting element of subsequent offense under K.S.A. 21-4619(f)(4) (expungement statute). State v. Riedel, 242 Kan. 834, 752 P.2d 115 (1988).

173. Sufficiency of information charging felonious theft of 8,434 gallons of gasoline, with no mention of prior convictions examined. State v. Crichton, 13 Kan. App. 2d 213, 216, 766 P.2d 832 (1989).

174. Cited; elements necessary for instructions on lesser included offenses (K.S.A. 21-3107) of aggravated robbery (K.S.A. 21-3427) examined. State v. Patterson, 243 Kan. 262, 266, 755 P.2d 551 (1988).

175. Prosecution for theft (K.S.A. 21-3701) barred in Kansas where defendant previously convicted elsewhere of receiving same stolen property (K.S.A. 21-3108(3)). State v. Henwood, 243 Kan. 326, 332, 756 P.2d 1087 (1988).

176. Cited; doctrine of merger examined; convictions of felony murder (K.S.A. 21-3401) and child abuse (K.S.A. 21-3609) reversed. State v. Lucas, 243 Kan. 462, 466, 759 P.2d 90 (1988).

177. Cited; presumption in favor of probation (K.S.A. 21-4606a) examined where first convictions are Class E felonies. State v. Knabe, 243 Kan. 538, 757 P.2d 308 (1988).

178. Cited; obtaining bank draft by deception, venue for crime where requisite acts for commission occurred in separate counties examined. State v. Dickens, 243 Kan. 574, 757 P.2d 321 (1988).

179. Cited; failure to execute arrest warrant due to defendant's incarceration elsewhere as not constituting unreasonable delay examined. State v. Nicholson, 243 Kan. 747, 763 P.2d 616 (1988).

180. Cited; trial court's failure to state specific findings for granting new trial as not grounds for reversal examined. State v. Neal, 243 Kan. 756, 763 P.2d 621 (1988).

181. Application of aggravated burglary statute (K.S.A. 21-3716) to include multi-unit structures containing living quarters determined. State v. Dorsey, 13 Kan. App. 2d 286, 289, 769 P.2d 38 (1989).

182. Leaving vehicle on golf course with lights on and keys in ignition while police in pursuit considered as "abandonment" permitting search examined. State v. Brunson, 13 Kan. App. 2d 384, 385, 771 P.2d 938 (1989).

183. Theft of public assistance as continuing offense, applicability of statute of limitations, misrepresentations as "willfully false" examined. State v. Jones, 13 Kan. App. 2d 520, 521, 775 P.2d 183 (1989).

184. Effect of defendant's motion for acquittal prior to cross-examining and rebutting codefendant's evidence examined. State v. Copes, 244 Kan. 604, 772 P.2d 742 (1989).

185. Instructions on intent as shifting burden of proof on credibility of testimony as violating due process, examined. State v. DeVries, 13 Kan. App. 2d 609, 610, 780 P.2d 1118 (1989).

186. Appeal from probation denial following guilty plea where statutory presumption of probation applies (K.S.A. 21-4606a) examined. State v. VanReed, 245 Kan. 213, 214, 777 P.2d 794 (1989).

187. Exculpatory evidence, prior crime evidence, sufficiency of evidence, eyewitness identification instruction examined. State v. Smith, 245 Kan. 381, 383, 781 P.2d 666 (1989).

188. Evidence of witness' drug involvement as inadmissible to impeach credibility (K.S.A. 60-241) examined. State v. Jarmon, 245 Kan. 634, 783 P.2d 1267 (1989).

189. Mere reference to and adoption of presentence report as insufficient to overcome elements in K.S.A. 21-4601, 21-4606, 21-4606a examined. State v. Tittes, 245 Kan. 708, 784 P.2d 359 (1989).

190. Applicability of K.S.A. 39-720 to all charges brought under programs administered by SRS examined. State v. Jones, 246 Kan. 180, 787 P.2d 738 (1990).

191. Specificity of items taken vs. aggravated robbery charge, cellmate's testimony about defendant's claimed privileged information examined. State v. Spears, 246 Kan. 283, 788 P.2d 261 (1990).

192. Withdrawal of guilty plea to plea agreement recommending illegal sentence examined. State v. McLaren, 14 Kan. App. 2d 449, 793 P.2d 763 (1990).

193. Effect of K.S.A. 21-4603(3)(a) on court's discretion to modify sentence, nature of SRDC recommendation examined. State v. Moon, 15 Kan. App. 2d 4, 5, 801 P.2d 59 (1990).

194. Crime of embezzlement covered in (a); (b) incorporates prior crime of obtaining money by false pretenses. State v. Rios, 246 Kan. 517, 526, 527, 792 P.2d 1065 (1990).

195. Information on theft defective when word "permanently" omitted; prospective rule adopted where first raised on appeal. State v. Hall, 246 Kan. 728, 746, 793 P.2d 737 (1990).

196. Asportation element included within theft statute; does not need to be separately set forth. State v. Freitag, 247 Kan. 499, 501, 802 P.2d 502 (1990).

197. Rules for changing venue, definition of "brought to trial," time period to satisfy speedy trial requirement examined. State v. Bierman, 248 Kan. 80, 805 P.2d 25 (1991).

198. Evidence sufficient to impose duty to instruct on lesser included offense examined. State v. Sutherland, 248 Kan. 96, 103, 804 P.2d 970 (1991).

199. Trial court's consideration of events occurring after crime for which defendant being sentenced examined. State v. Hannah, 248 Kan. 141, 804 P.2d 990 (1991).

200. Alleged amnesia and competency to stand trial examined. State v. Owens, 248 Kan. 273, 274, 807 P.2d 101 (1991).

201. Neither theft nor conspiracy to commit theft are continuing offenses; acts necessary to constitute concealment examined. State v. Palmer, 248 Kan. 681, 690, 810 P.2d 734 (1991).

202. Conviction hereunder held grounds for disbarment where previous suspension by court still in effect. In re Matney, 248 Kan. 990, 811 P.2d 885 (1991).

203. Defendant personally, and not counsel, as having the right to assent to a jury less than 12 noted. State v. Roland, 15 Kan. App. 2d 296, 807 P.2d 705 (1991).

204. Matters improperly considered in rebutting presumptive sentencing (K.S.A. 21-4606a) noted; defendant's presence for resentencing to correct void sentence examined. State v. Barraza-Flores, 16 Kan. App. 2d 15, 16, 819 P.2d 128 (1991).

205. Crime of delivery of forged instrument proved by proof of theft by deception. State v. Perry, 16 Kan. App. 2d 150, 153, 823 P.2d 804 (1991).

206. Contention that evidence insufficient for identification of defendant as perpetrator without merit; conviction may be sustained by circumstantial evidence. State v. Richmond, 250 Kan. 375, 376, 827 P.2d 743 (1992).

207. Theft and theft of lost or mislaid property are both forms of larceny; jury instructions improper. State v. Getz, 250 Kan. 560, 564, 830 P.2d 5 (1992).

208. Unlawful deprivation of property a lesser included offense of theft; jury instruction. State v. Wickliffe, 16 Kan. App. 2d 424, 426, 826 P.2d 522 (1992).

209. Jury selection by voter registration lists, evidence of gang membership examined. State v. Bailey, 251 Kan. 156, 158, 834 P.2d 342 (1992).

210. Cited in opinion that single impulse rule (single larceny doctrine) not applicable to burglary of multiple vehicles. State v. McClanahan, 251 Kan. 533, 534, 538, 836 P.2d 1164 (1992).

211. Single impulse theory (single larceny doctrine) examined (related first-degree murder case where bodies of victims never found). State v. Grissom, 251 Kan. 851, 840 P.2d 1142 (1992).

212. Lawyer's convictions of felony theft and forgery constitute grounds for disbarment. In re Jarczyk, 252 Kan. 4, 847 P.2d 190 (1992).

213. No instruction on theft as lesser included offense of robbery where evidence does not warrant it. State v. Holloman, 17 Kan. App. 2d 279, 289, 837 P.2d 826 (1992).

214. Trial court's error noted in either not granting probation as recommended by TCF or making findings required by K.S.A. 21-4603. State v. Dugan, 17 Kan. App. 2d 340, 836 P.2d 584 (1992).

215. Noted in holding prior conviction used to enhance classification of crime (K.S.A. 65-4127b) cannot be used to enhance sentence (K.S.A. 21-4504). State v. Geddes, 17 Kan. App. 2d 588, 594, 841 P.2d 1088 (1992).

216. Jury selection, confession, gang membership, rape shield statute, photographic exhibits, trial misconduct, instructions, peremptory challenge, hard 40 statute, examined. State v. Walker, 252 Kan. 279, 281, 845 P.2d 1 (1993).

217. Evidence sufficient to prove juvenile is excluded from jurisdiction of juvenile code examined. State v. Shelton, 252 Kan. 319, 320, 845 P.2d 23 (1993).

218. Conviction, theft by deception of federal and state surplus property; complaint/information not required to allege all elements of false pretenses; injury to another not required. State v. Schultz, 252 Kan. 819, 836, 837, 848, 850 P.2d 818 (1993).

219. No evidence to support conviction of violation of K.S.A. 21-3701d; court not required to instruct on lesser included offense. State v. Bowman, 252 Kan. 883, 892, 893, 850 P.2d 236 (1993).

220. Indigent criminal defendant's right to counsel, charging two or more crimes in same complaint examined. State v. Cromwell, 253 Kan. 495, 497, 856 P.2d 1299 (1993).

221. Whether evidence was sufficient to support conviction of felony theft examined. State v. Johnson, 255 Kan. 140, 143, 871 P.2d 1246 (1994).

222. Whether venue statute (K.S.A. 22-2609) applies to all acts of theft; probable cause to bind defendant reviewed. State v. Martinez, 255 Kan. 464, 467, 469, 472, 874 P.2d 617 (1994).

223. Whether theft by threat (K.S.A. 21-3701(a)) is a lesser included offense of robbery examined. State v. Blockman, 255 Kan. 953, 954, 881 P.2d 561 (1994).

224. Whether prior convictions must be for the same offense or in the same article to enhance sentence examined. State v. Greever, 19 Kan. App. 2d 893, 899, 878 P.2d 838 (1994).

225. Whether sentencing attempted burglary of dwelling conviction should be classified as person felony for criminal history examined. State v. Fifer, 20 Kan. App. 2d 12, 13, 881 P.2d 589 (1994).

226. Whether consecutive sentences required when defendant assigned to community corrections commits new felony; whether action departure discussed. State v. Howard, 20 Kan. App. 2d 252, 253, 885 P.2d 1273 (1994).

227. Whether court's failure to instruct jury on receiving stolen property as lesser included offense of aggravated robbery reversible error examined. State v. Rinck, 256 Kan. 848, 851, 889 P.2d 845 (1995).

228. Whether judge erred by failing to instruct on theft by threat as lesser included offense of aggravated robbery examined. State v. Hegwood, 256 Kan. 901, 904, 888 P.2d 856 (1995).

229. Whether obtaining control over stolen property is a lesser included offense of aggravated robbery examined. State v. Lewis, 256 Kan. 929, 932, 889 P.2d 766 (1995).

230. Cited; whether K.S.A. 65-2803 requires proof of criminal intent to show violation examined on question reserved by prosecution. 257 Kan. 163, 170, 891 P.2d 376 (1995).

231. Whether juvenile adjudication can be used to enhance severity level of theft conviction examined. In re J.E.M., 20 Kan. App. 2d 596, 597, 890 P.2d 364 (1995).

232. Whether judge erred in enhancing defendant's sentence under habitual criminal act examined. State v. Eastridge, 20 Kan. App. 2d 973, 984, 894 P.2d 243 (1995).

233. No error in denial of jury instruction on theft by possessing stolen property as a lesser included offense of felony murder. State v. Holt, 260 Kan. 33, 38, 917 P.2d 1332 (1996).

234. Theft degree is determined by value of stolen property; value does not include costs of security improvements or investigation. State v. Allen, 260 Kan. 107, 115, 917 P.2d 848 (1996).

235. Evidence is sufficient to support conviction for aggravated kidnapping. State v. High, 260 Kan. 480, 481, 922 P.2d 430 (1996).

236. Whether employee in wrongful discharge case committed theft material fact precluding summary judgment; definition of theft not resolved. Gassman v. Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society, Inc., 22 Kan. App. 2d 632, 646, 921 P.2d 224 (1996).

237. Misdemeanor theft instruction unnecessary where value of stolen goods established over felony limit and unrefuted. State v. Bryant, 22 Kan. App. 2d 732, 737, 738, 922 P.2d 1118 (1996).

238. Requires proof of specific intent; specific intent distinguished from general intent. State v. Esher, 22 Kan. App. 2d 779, 783, 922 P.2d 1123 (1996).

239. District court erred by enhancing sentence based on municipal ordinance conviction. State v. Gray, 22 Kan. App. 2d 875, 924 P.2d 647 (1996).

240. Defendant may be charged with fraud under loan broker's act (K.S.A. 50-1001 et seq.) and under section. State v. Fritz, 261 Kan. 294, 298, 933 P.2d 126 (1997).

241. Cited; application of the after-acquired evidence doctrine adopted and applied in wrongful discharge case. Gassman v. Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society, Inc., 261 Kan. 725, 732, 933 P.2d 743 (1997).

242. Sufficient evidence of intent to permanently deprive owners of property existed to support underlying conviction for felony murder. State v. Mitchell, 262 Kan. 434, 438, 939 P.2d 879 (1997).

243. Degree of theft determined by value of property stolen; property valuation does not include value of loss to victim. State v. Stephens, 263 Kan. 658, 661, 953 P.2d 1373 (1998).

244. Violence committed by defendant in fleeing crime did not convert theft into robbery. State v. Bateson, 266 Kan. 238, 240, 970 P.2d 1000 (1998).

245. Conviction for theft of woman's underwear sexually motivated; registration required under sex offender registration act (K.S.A. 22-4901 et seq.). State v. Patterson, 25 Kan. App. 2d 245, 963 P.2d 436 (1998).

246. Under facts, taking of rape victim's glasses insufficient to support aggravated robbery conviction. State v. Montgomery, 26 Kan. App. 2d 346, 349, 988 P.2d 258 (1999).

247. Unauthorized taking of funds from client's account appropriately charged as four counts where defendant committed four separate felony thefts. State v. Ameen, 27 Kan. App. 2d 181, 1 P.3d 330 (2000).

248. Agreement of parties that right to appeal is not waived must fail as by entry of Alford plea, which is a guilty plea, defendant waives right to speedy trial. State v. Asher, 28 Kan. App. 2d 799, 20 P.3d 1292 (2001).

249. 21 separate acts of theft caused defendant to be guilty of level 9 nonperson felony. State v. Barnes, 31 Kan. App. 2d 825, 74 P.3d 591 (2003).

250. State did not present adequate foundation for introduction of photographs showing items stolen from stockroom of store. State v. Mayes, 33 Kan. App. 2d 9, 98 P.3d 294 (2004).

251. Criminal deprivation of property is not lesser included offense of theft. State v. McKissack, 283 Kan. 721, 728, 156 P.3d 1249 (2007).

252. Mentioned, burglary statute does not require that dwelling be enclosed. State v. Storey, 37 Kan. App. 2d 555, 556, 154 P.3d 1148 (2007).

253. Use of alias, rental vehicle 10 days overdue and evidence suggesting transportation of narcotics gave probable cause to arrest. U.S. v. Brown, 234 Fed. Appx. 838, 848 (2007).

254. Court discusses felony theft and burden state has to show. State v. Drayton, 285 Kan. 689, 710, 175 P.3d 861 (2008).

255. Mentioned; statute of limitation held to have run in cases involving nameless warrant containing DNA references. State v. Belt, 285 Kan. 949, 959, 179 P.3d 443 (2008).

256. Charges hereunder; information received from defendant's phone conversations in jail held consented to by defendant; no wiretap violation. State v. Andrews, 39 Kan. App. 2d 19, 20, 176 P.3d 245 (2008).

257. Cited in decision holding that juvenile adjudications are excluded from cases calling for consecutive adult sentences. State v. Crawford, 39 Kan. App. 2d 897, 901, 185 P.3d 315 (2008).

258. Cited in discussion of alleged jury instruction error; no error found. State v. Watson, 39 Kan. App. 2d 923, 925, 929, 930, 931, 186 P.3d 812 (2008).

259. Theft includes obtaining unauthorized control over property with intent to deprive the owner of it. State v. May, 39 Kan. App. 2d 990, 994, 186 P.3d 847 (2008).

260. Cited; use of nonstatutory aggravating factors to impose an upward durational departure does not violate due process. State v. Snow, 40 Kan. App. 2d 747, 754, 195 P.3d 282 (2008).

261. Charges under K.S.A. 8-1567, 21-3608a are not multiplicitous. State v. Cott, 288 Kan. 643, 206 P.3d 514 (2009).

262. Felony murder convictions affirmed; discussion of unanimity instructions; alternative means cases and multiple acts cases. State v. Dixon, 289 Kan. 46, 209 P.3d 675 (2009).

263. Compares crime-defining statutes which describe varying levels of offenses based on an additional fact. State v. Bello, 289 Kan. 191, 211 P.3d 139 (2009).

264. Defendant's age is an element of aggravated indecent liberties with a child when charged as off-grid severity level offense. State v. Gonzales, 289 Kan. 351, 212 P.3d 215 (2009).

265. Cited as crime requiring a specific intent element. In re C.P.W. 289 Kan. 448, 213 P.3d 413 (2009).

266. Juvenile adjudications are not to be considered in determination of persistent sex offender status under K.S.A. 21-4704(j). State v. Boyer, 289 Kan. 108, 209 P.3d 705 (2009).

267. Defendant's two theft convictions held not multiplicitous where his conduct constituted separate units of prosecution. State v. Hood, 44 Kan. App. 2d. 145, 234 P.3d 853 (2010).

268. Skip rule is inapplicable to trial court's failure to give lesser included instruction on theft as a lesser degree of aggravated robbery. State v. Plummer, 45 Kan. App. 2d 700, 251 P.3d 102 (2011).

269. Terms "obtaining" and "exerts control over" were not different as they related to "unauthorized control" element of theft. State v. Rollins, 46 Kan. App. 2d 17, 257 P.3d 839 (2011).

270. The municipal court properly vacated a defendant's plea of misdemeanor theft and the state prosecuted him for felony theft; no double jeopardy attached. State v. Jenkins, 295 Kan. 431, 284 P.3d 1037 (2012).

271. The unit of prosecution for theft is the act of unlawfully taking property, unaffected by the number of persons or entities possessing an ownership interest in the stolen property. State v. Hood, 297 Kan. 388, 300 P.3d 1083 (2013).